williams



I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

S. T. WILLIAMS." PLANKING AND PAVEMENT.

PatentedApnM, 1883.

17wenZmi (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

1 s. T. WILLIAMS.

PLANKING AND PAVEMENT."

Patented Apr.24, 1883.

l iilremreer UNITED STATES &

PATENT OFFICE.

. SAMUEL 'r; WILLIAMS, OF RED BANK,ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF o ANDREWALBRIGHT, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

PLANKlNG AND PAVEMENT.

SPEGIFICATICN forming part of Letterslatent No. 276 ,545, dated April24, 1883. Application filed December 15, 1882. No model.)

of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPlanking and Pavements, of which the following is a full, clear,

and exact description.

Myinvention is in the nature of an improvement in the construction ofplankingfor walks, piers, docks, bridges, and vessels, and in theconstruction of cement pavements, the essential object being tostrengthen the planking and give it better wearing qualities, facilitatethe making of repairs, and provide a foothold for animals when theplanking becomes worn by continued use. In the case of cement pavementsthe object is to divide the pavement into separate and independentblocks, so that each block can be repaired or taken up and a new blocklaid without disturbing the adjacent blocks, injuries from natural orother causes affecting the blocks separately, and not the pavement as awhole.

The invention consists inthe combination of a rail or strip of iron withplanking and cement, in themanner as hereinafter fully described.

In the drawings, Figure 1, Sheet 1,is a plan view of one method ofcombining the rail or strip of iron with planking, and Fig. 2 is acrosssection online as as of Fig. 1. Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a plan View ofa cement pavement divided into separate and independent blocks by meansof T-shaped rails, forming confining-frames. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectionthereof, taken on the line to 20, Fig. 3. i

In Figs. 1 and. 2, Sheet 1, of the drawings, the letters A A designatestrips of plankingsuch as is commonly used for walks, piers, docks,bridges, and vesselsand the letters a .a designate T-sha-ped rails, ofiron or other of therail being firmly held in place between the planks,extending upwardly, so as to be nearly flush with the surface ofthe'planks. The planks are then fastened in place in the usual manner;This combination of the rails with the planking renders the latter verystron g and durable, and at the same time provides a foothold foranimals as the planking wears down.

InFigs. 3 and 4, Sheet 2, of the drawings, the combination of T-shapedrails with cement and concrete to form a pavement is shown. As shown inthe drawings, the rails are cast to form four-sided, three-sided, andtwo-sided frames, which are so combined that each side of a block ofcement bears against and is separated from the surrounding blocks by arail, the rails answering the double purpose of dividing the pavementinto independent blocks,

and serving as frames or joints, by means of which the cement can belaid to form each block separately.

A designates the first hlock,B the second, and C the third, of the firstrow. I) designates the first block of the second row, E the second, andF the third. The block A is confined within a frame having four sides, aa a a formed of T-shaped rails cast in one piece. The block B is alsoconfined within a frame having four sides, three sides, I), b, and bbeing cast in'one piece, and the rail a forming the fourth side. Theblock 0 is also confined within a similar frame, three sides, 0, c, and0 being cast in one piece, and the rail b forming the fourth side, andthe succeeding blocks 8 5 of this row are confined within frames formedin the same way. The first block, D, of the second row is confinedwithin a frame, three sides of which, (1 d d are cast in one piece, therail a forming the fourth side. The block E is similarly confined in. aframe, two sides of which, 0 e, are cast in onepiece, and the rails dand b forming the third and fourth sides. The block F isalso confined ina four-sided frame, two sides of which, ff, are cast in one covered isfirst graded to the desired depth. The frame for the first block,A, isthen placed in position, and the cement to form the block, consisting oftwo courses-i. 0., a layer of coarse concrete or cement, s, and then asurface layer of fine concrete or cement, s-is laid in the ordinary wayof laying concrete or cement to form a pavement. The frames for theblocks B and O are then placed in position and filled with the cement orconcrete in the same way, and so on until the pavement is completed. Thematerialforming the surface layersof each block extends slightly abovethe tops of the rails forming the frames, and the flanges r 1' of therails are covered by the material forming the first course, 8, as willclearly appear by reference to Fig. 4, Sheet 2, ofthe drawings. By thiscombination I produce a cement or concrete pavement which can be readilylaid" and easily repaired. Each block is independ ent of the others, andis entirely surrounded and permanently separated from the others by thestrips of metal forming the frame. Hence it follows that cracks or otherinjuries, caused by frost or by external means, damage the blocksindependently, and not the pavement as a whole.

What I claim as my invention,-and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of the T-shaped rails a a with the planks A A, theflanges of each rail fitting in grooves in the sides of two adjoiningplanks, and the rail being firmly held between and extending upwardly,so as to be nearly flush with the surface of said planks, whereby theplanking is strengthened and a foothold provided for animals,substantially as herein shown and described.

2. The combination and arrangement of four-sided, three-sided, andtwo-sided frames, each frame being composed of T-shaped rails cast inone piece, with cement or concrete to form a pavement of independentblocks laid in the manner and for the' purpose as herein shown anddescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day ofNovember, A. D. 1882.

SAMUEL T. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:

ERNEST C. WEBB, LOUIS M. F. WHITEHEAD.

